The Problem Based Learning as a Trigger for Critical Thinking Skills: A Literature Review
Keywords:
Problem Based Learning, Critical Thinking Skills, Biology Education, 21st Century Skills, Literature ReviewAbstract
Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on the enhancement of students’ critical thinking skills in biology learning. Critical thinking is essential for enabling students to understand biological concepts deeply, analyze natural phenomena, and solve problems logically.
Study design/methodology/approach: This study employs a literature review method using seven relevant national and international research articles. The review focuses on examining how PBL both in its pure form and when integrated with other approaches such as blended learning contributes to the development of critical thinking skills.
Findings: The findings indicate that PBL consistently has a positive impact on students’ critical thinking skills. The PBL syntax, including problem orientation, organization, investigation, presentation of results, and evaluation, effectively stimulates students to think analytically, reflectively, and argumentatively. Moreover, PBL fosters a more contextual and meaningful learning environment, encouraging active engagement and deeper conceptual understanding.
Research limitations/implications – This review is limited to seven articles, which may not fully represent the broader scope of PBL implementation across diverse educational contexts. Future studies could incorporate a larger and more varied set of sources or conduct comparative analyses across different educational levels.
Originality/value: This study provides a synthesized understanding of how PBL supports the development of critical thinking in biology education, highlighting its relevance as a pedagogical model to prepare students for the demands of 21st-century skills. The integration of PBL with contemporary instructional approaches demonstrates its adaptability and enduring value in modern science education.
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