Need Analysis for Developing 5E Learning Cycle-STEM Student Worksheets on Cell Biology for Grade XI Phase F
Keywords:
Need analysis, Student worksheet, 5E Learning Cycle, STEM approach, Cell BiologyAbstract
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the need for developing Student Worksheets that implement the 5E Learning Cycle model integrated with a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) approach on cell material for Grade XI Phase F students. This research responds to persistent teacher-centered biology instruction and limited availability of innovative worksheets that engage students in understanding abstract and microscopic cell concepts. The study argues that integrating the 5E Learning Cycle and STEM approach is necessary to support learning and development of 21st-century skills.
Study design/methodology/approach: The study employed a descriptive qualitative–quantitative needs analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with biology teachers, questionnaires distributed to Grade XI Phase F students, and document analysis of curriculum guidelines and existing learning materials. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction and interpretation.
Findings: The results show that more than half of the students experienced difficulties in understanding cell material, particularly in visualizing cell structures and cellular processes. Existing worksheets were procedural, content-focused, and lacked inquiry-based and interdisciplinary elements. Both teachers and students expressed a need for student-centered worksheets integrating the 5E Learning Cycle and STEM approach to improve engagement and conceptual understanding.
Research limitations/implications – This study was limited to a single school context, which may restrict generalizability, particularly in regions with limited technological resources.
Originality/value: This study provides empirical evidence supporting the urgency of developing STEM-integrated 5E-based worksheets for cell biology and serves as a foundation for instructional material development research.
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